Country risk indices usually take into account only macroeconomic dimensions and traditional performance indicators.

On the basis of the redesign options of the macroeconomic and business impact analyses, we put forward innovative composite indicators that allow to evaluate the effects of climate change, the opportunities deriving from the energy transition and to evaluate specific dimensions of well-being not traditionally taken into account in the assessment of country risks.

Wellbeing – starting with demographic and inequality composite measurements as base line and health, education and jobs as essential instruments to ensure well-being over time.

Climate Risk (The New Normal) – recognising that we are into a new normal where major meteorological events are indeed extreme but no longer exceptional.

The Energy Transition – considering that only actively pursuing the energy transition under any possible dimension – from policy to regulation, from health to education – will enable countries to benefit most from the opportunity to build back stronger after the COVID Crisis.

The following climate variables can be selected via the Edu Demo: air temperature, wind speed (at 10m height), total precipitation and solar radiation. These are chosen both for their importance as climatic indicators, but also because the are the main factors affecting the energy variables displayed with the Edu Demo.

Air temperature is the main indicator of how the climate evolves. It is linked to electricity demand, and can also affect solar power production.

Wind speed provides an indication of the strength of the atmospheric circulation. It is also linked to wind power production.

Precipitation provides an indication of how wet or dry the earth system is. It is also linked to hydroelectric production (the latter is not currently available on the Edu Demo).

Solar radiation is the amount of energy coming from the sun that reaches the ground. It is also linked to solar power production.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless and non-poisonous gas formed by combustion of carbon and in the respiration of living organisms and is considered a greenhouse gas. Emissions means the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.